The decision to leave an abusive relationship: The testing of an alternative methodological approach

Most studies that consider the factors influencing the decision to leave an abusive relationship rely on retrospective, self-report data. In addition to the biased samples that are frequently obtained in such investigations, the methodological shortcomings of survey research limit its explanatory power, particularly when applied to such sensitive topics as family violence. This report introduces an alternative method for studying the decision to leave an abusive relationship. Forty-five men and 68 women were studied using an experimental computer game of an abuse-like relationship. The tendency to leave this relationship was measured under four differing conditions of severity and frequency of abuse. A logit analysis revealed that the frequency of abuse was more consequential to women's decisions to leave, while severity of abuse was more salient for men. In addition, the hypothesized model, including frequency of abuse, severity of abuse, and locus of control, fits well for women but not for men. The implications of these findings, as well as the validity and future application of experimental games, are discussed.     

北京地区人群(汉族)人血清备解素因子B分布频率的调查及其在血痕中的检出

作者采用琼脂糖凝胶高压电泳、PAGIEF及免疫固定技术测定了北京地区234份健康人(汉族)血清Bf的分布。其表型频率为SS171人,FS49人,FF8人,SS07 4人,FS07 1人及SS045 1人;基因频率为Bf~S=0.8462,Bf~F=0.1410,Bf~(S07)=0.0107,Bf~(S045)=0.0021。Bf表型分布与Hardy-Weinberg定律相吻合。经测定室温保存的已知Bf型的22份血痕,其可检出时限为3周。并将Bf型测定用于检案的血痕分析及亲权鉴定。     

What Mothers Do: Motherhood as a Resource for Negotiating Sick-Leave Legitimacy in Swedish Sickness Insurance Interactions

Sick leave in the Nordic countries is a gendered issue. Alongside other explanations, women’s higher levels of sick leave have been linked to their far-reaching family responsibilities. Meanwhile, studies have shown how such responsibilities induce questioning of the legitimacy of sick leave, indicating that normative aspects linking these categories cannot solely be approached in terms of causal explanations. The current study suggests an alternative way of studying this relationship, approaching motherhood as something being “done” in situated ways, to particular ends; a resource for interaction. By analysing naturally occurring interactions—meetings held by the Swedish Social Insurance Agency—the study renders visible the collaborative production of sick leave as a gendered matter, and motherhood as part of the negotiation of sickness insurance. The analysis shows the meaning and import of motherhood for sick leave to be a live issue for participants, drawing attention to how these categories are neither culturally predefined, nor dispositional, but flexibly assembled for certain purposes. Motherhood functions as a resource in two ways: (1) displaying restricted ability to care for children supports claims of impairment; (2) invoking motherhood works to account for slow or inactive rehabilitation. However, occasioning motherhood in the examined context is also risky: (3) displaying extensive mothering may be treated as indicating low commitment to rehabilitation, and (4) displaying limited mothering may be taken as indicating unfitness as a parent.     

Identifiler体系在单亲血缘关系鉴定中应用价值的研究

目的　研究 16基因位点Identifiler体系在单亲血缘关系法医鉴定中的应用价值。　方法　对无关个体中随机抽样组成的假设父—子二联体 10 0例、正常人群中已知真父—子二联体 10 0例及已知非父—子二联体 10 0例、实际单亲血缘关系亲子鉴定案 2 2 8例、特意省去母亲的二联体鉴定案 136例 ,应用Identifiler体系的 16基因位点进行检测 ,得出每案例的RCP值 ,将检测结果同应用其他体系检测的结果比对 ,同三联体检测结果比对 ,同真实情况比对 ,计算出单独使用Identifiler体系在单亲血缘关系法医鉴定中的正确率。　结果　对 2 2 8例单亲鉴定案应用Identifiler体系检测的结果 ,同应用ProfilerPlus和Cofiler两个体系再加用 2 4个其他位点银染检测 (共 37个位点 )的结果完全相同 ;对无关个体 10 0例及真父—子二联体 10 0例及非父—子二联体 10 0例 ,用Identifiler体系检测的结果同调查核实的真实情况完全相符 ;对 136例特意省去母亲的二联体案 ,用Identifiler体系检测的结果同原实际检案中三联体检测的结果完全相同。　结论　单独使用Identifiler体系完全可以解决法医亲子鉴定中的单亲血缘关系鉴定问题。     

HLA-DRB1基因分型芯片的法医物证学应用价值研究

目的对HLA-DRB1基因分型芯片在个体识别中的应用价值进行研究。方法根据HLA-DRB1基因座不同等位基因的独特序列设计探针,制成分型芯片。将待测样品DNA用末端标记了CY5的引物进行PCR扩增,产物与芯片进行杂交,根据杂交产生的荧光信号值确定样品在HLA-DRB1位点的基因型。将这一方法应用于561份样本的HLA-DRB1基因分型,根据基因型分布统计分析其法医学应用价值。同时,进行了家系调查和方法灵敏度分析,并应用于部分案例。结果利用微量检材,HLA-DRB1基因芯片可检测DRB1位点等位基因26个,基因型的分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律,该位点的观察杂合度(Ho)为0.888,期望杂合度(He)为0.902,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.893,平均非父排除率(PE)为0.801。家系调查和案例运用的结果表明,HLA-DRB1位点等位基因由亲代向子代的传递符合孟德尔遗传定律。结论HLA-DRB1为高度多态位点,其基因分型芯片可在亲子鉴定和个体识别中发挥重要作用。     

唾液酯酶多态性在个体识别中的应用研究

目的 探讨唾液酯酶（ Set）多态性在法医学亲权鉴定和个体识别方面的应用价值。方法 应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳及固蓝 RR染色方法,调查了 114名中国人 Set的表型分布及基因频率,用χ 2检验进行统计学分析。结果 中国人酯酶表型频率 Set F 22.81％, Set FS 50.88％, Set S 26.31％ ;基因频率为 SetF 0.482 5, SetS 0.517 5;非父排除机率为 0.187 5,个体识别率为 0.619 9。结论 Set有较高的父权排除率和个体识别率,可作为法医学亲权鉴定和个体识别的重要标记系统之一。     

国外生育保护假期制度研究

总览世界各国的假期设置,发达国家以及东欧和中亚等地区,对假期设置更全面、标准更高,具体表现在各个假期的时间更长和福利水平更高,假期类型的设置多样化等方面。与世界各国相比,中国在生育假期设置方面,法定假期长度和福利处于世界前列,但法律法规政出多门,立法目的不利于女职工保护,制度体系不完整,法律法规在不同群体中的落实状况差距较大,企业成本负担过重,政府责任缺失。国外生育保护假期制度中清晰的假期设置理念、科学的假期设置体系、较为合理的成本分担,以及利益相关方角色的准确定位,都对中国修改和完善女职工假期设置具有借鉴和启示作用。     

论铁路法和《民法通则》的冲突及解决

《铁路法》和《铁路交通事故应急救援和调查处理条例》规定,从2007年9月1日以后,火车撞死违章的行人,铁路部门不承担任何赔偿责任。这种规定既不人道,也不合理,更不合法。我国的《民法通则》和世界各国的法律均规定铁路部门无论有无过错,都要对铁路事故造成的损害承担责任。依照“上位法优于下位法”的原则,《铁路法》和《民法通则》相冲突时,人民法院应当适用《民法通则》的无过错责任原则,判决“行人违章,火车撞了不白撞”,使铁路部门承担起应负的社会责任,以加强对受害人利益的保护,促进社会稳定,从而更有利于我国铁路事业的发展。     

论未成年人财产权利的法律保护

我国立法对未成年人财产权利的保护主要是通过宪法、普通法及特别法三个层面实现的,但由于主要担负保护未成年人财产权利的民事法律存在的不足,导致了实践中对涉及未成年人财产权利的事件的处理不力。鉴于此,有必要通过在婚姻法中设立亲权制度以及完善《民法通则》中的监护制度来改变法律对未成年人财产权利保护不力的现状。